In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies.
During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the war, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war it was virtually worthless. As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished.
By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.
1.This passage mainly discusses
(A) American money from past to present
(B) The English monetary policies in colonial America
(C) The effect of the Revolution on American money
(D) The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
2.The passage indicates that during the colonial period, money was
(A) supplied by England
(B) coined freely by the colonists
(C) scarce
(D) used extensively for trade
3.The Massachusetts Bay Colony was allowed to make coins
(A) continuously from the inception of the colony
(B) throughout the seventeenth century
(C) from 1652 until the Revolutionary War
(D) for a short time during one year
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a substitute for money during the colonial period?
(A) Wampum
(B) Cotton
(C) Tobacco
(D) Beaver furs
5.According to the passage, what happened to the American monetary system during the Revolutionary War?
(A) The Continental Congress issued gold and silver coins.
(B) Individual states were not allowed to issue money.
(C) So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value.
(D) American money replaced trade in goods and foreign coins.
6.How was the monetary system arranged in the Constitution?
(A) Only the U.S. Congress could issue money.
(B) The U.S. officially went on a bimetallic monetary system.
(C) Various state governments, including Massachusetts, could issue money.
(D) The dollar was made the official currency of the U.S.
7.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the bimetallic monetary system?
(A) Either gold or silver could be used as official money.
(B) Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1.
(C) The monetary system was based on two metals.
(D) It was established in 1792.
Louisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children’s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo’s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father. She was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women’s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular. He was called a man of unparalleled intellect by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson. Bronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter. Louisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women, and with the success of this novel she was able to provide for her family, giving her father the financial security that until then he had never experienced.
8. This passage mainly discusses
(A) Louisa May Alcott’s famous books
(B) how Bronson Alcott implemented his educational philosophies
(C) the success of Little Women
(D) Bronson Alcott’s influence on his daughter
9.The passage implies that vegetarianism
(A) was more popular than abolitionism
(B) was the reason for Louisa’s adoration for her father
(C) became popular in a later period
(D) was one of the reasons for Bronson Alcott’s unparalleled intellect
10. In line 6, the word “lofty” is closest in meaning to
(A) commonplace
(B) high-minded
(C) self-serving
(D) sympathetic
เฉลย
1. d. The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ดูจากเนื้อเรื่องมีการกล่าวถึงปี 1652 (ศตวรรษที่ 17) และปี 1789 (ศตวรรษที่ 18)
2. c. scarceดูจาก “In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins.” ในอเมริกา เงินนั้นมีน้อย อังกฤษไม่ยอมให้เงินเหรียญแก่อาณานิคม และไม่อนุญาตให้อาณานิคมผลิตเหรียญใช้เอง
3. d. for a short time during one year ดูจาก “the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins.” อาณานิคม Massachusetts Bay ได้รับอนุญาตให้ผลิตเหรียญเงินหลายประเภทเป็นเวลาสั้นๆในปี 1652
4. b. cotton ดูจาก “beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money.” ไม่มี cotton
5. c. So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value.มีการพิมพ์เงินมากเกินไปจนไม่มีค่า ดูจาก ย่อหน้าที่ 2 ที่พูดเรื่องสงครามปฏิวัติ ใจความมีว่า “อเมริกาต้องการเงินมาทำสงคราม ดังนั้นรัฐเดี่ยวๆทั้งหลายและสภาคองเกรสจึงออกธนบัตร แต่ว่าธนบัตรถูกพิมพ์ออกมามากจนสูญค่า ทำให้การแลกเปลี่ยนด้วยเหรียญต่างชาติยังคงใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายอยู่”
6. a. Only the U.S. Congress could issue money ดูจาก “Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money.” ต้องไม่สับสนกับ Coinage Act(พรบ. เหรียญกษาปณ์) ซึ่งเป็นกฎหมายอีกฉบับ ที่พูดเรื่องระบบโลหะในการใช้ผลิตเหรียญ และอัตราการแลกเปลี่ยน
7. b. Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1 ผิด ต้องแก้เป็น 1 ต่อ 16 ดูจาก “the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.”
8. d. Bronson Alcott’s influence on his daughterบทความนี้พูดถึงอิทธิพลที่พ่อมีต่อลูกสาวที่เป็นนักเขียน จะสังเกตเห็นว่ามีหลายประโยคที่เน้นประเด็นนี้ เช่น
“Louisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children’s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo’s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father.”
“Bronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter.”
“Louisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women.”
9. c. became popular in a later period ดูจาก “She was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women’s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular.”
10. b. high-minded — lofty แปลว่า สูงส่ง
http://www.chulatutor.com/blog/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A-cu-tep-reading/
This graph shows the Sources of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases.
Agriculture 1%
Industry 51%
Transportation 25%
consumer and commercial products 1%
commercial and residentain heating 11%
Other 4%
กราฟนี้แสดงเกี่ยวกับแหล่งที่มาของการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจก
เกษตร 1%
อุตสาหกรรม 51%
ขนส่ง 25%
บริโภคและเชิงพาณิชย์ผลิตภัณฑ์ 1%
ความร้อนในเชิงพาณิชย์และ residentain
อื่น ๆ 4%
ไม่มีความคิดเห็น:
แสดงความคิดเห็น